It is an infection of the upper respiratory tract – the nose, nasal passages and the throat. The primary family of viruses that cause common colds in adults are the rhinoviruses.
Early signs of a cold are red eyes, a sore throat, sneezing, and a runny nose. Other symptoms that may occur include headache, stuffy nose, watering eyes, hacking cough, chills, muscle aches, and general malaise (ill-feeling) lasting from 2 to 7 days, some cases may last for two weeks.
The common cold may be accompanied by:
β’ Laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx or “voice box”)
β’ Tracheitis (inflammation of the membrane lining the trachea or “wind pipe”)
β’ Bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchial membranes)
β’ Ear infection
β’ Worsening of asthma
These inflammations may make one more susceptible to more serious complications such as: sinusitis (inflammation of sinus membranes) and pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs).
Treating the symptoms with non-prescription medicines may help as does getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated.
Good health habits are important in preventing the spread of the common cold including:
β’ Frequent hand washing with soap and water
β’ Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap and water are not available
β’ Avoiding close contact with people that are sick
β’ Coughing and sneezing into your elbow or use a tissue (throw away the tissue immediately, and wash your hands)
β’ Avoiding touching your eyes, nose and mouth
β’ Using good hygiene practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting surfaces likely to be contaminated and touched by others